Serum testosterone and cardiometabolic risk in Nigerian men with type 2 diabetes: a cross−sectional study
By
Ezekiel Musa
Esteban Salazar-Petres
Glory Chinuru Musa
Fatima Bello
Adamu Girei Bakari
June 16, 2026
Objective: To assess the associations between serum testosterone and cardiometabolic risk in Nigerian men with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Approach: Key Findings: Men with T2DM had significantly higher ASCVD 10-year scores than non-diabetic controls, independent of testosterone status. Hypogonadal T2DM men exhibited higher BMI, central obesity, total and LDL cholesterol, and lower HDL cholesterol. Serum testosterone was not independently associated with ASCVD risk score or any individual cardiometabolic risk factor in the T2DM cohort. Interpretation: Remove unsupported claims about testosterone's correlation with cardiometabolic profiles.
Limitations: Cross-sectional design limits causal inference. Sample may not be representative of all Nigerian men with T2DM. Conclusion: Omit the suggestion for longitudinal studies as it is not directly supported by the source.