Objective:

To investigate the nonlinear associations between fasting insulin (FIns), visceral fat area (VFA), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in female patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), emphasizing the significance of identifying threshold effects.

Key Findings:

• A total of 595 female patients with T2DM were included in the final analysis after excluding 25 individuals with incomplete data.
• Significant nonlinear effects were observed between FIns, VFA, and eGFR after adjusting for confounders.
• No significant association between FIns and eGFR when FIns is <70.28 pmol/L; above this level, FIns negatively correlates with eGFR.
• A threshold for VFA was identified at 73.6 cm²; below this, VFA positively correlates with eGFR, while above it, VFA negatively correlates with eGFR.

Interpretation:

The study provides evidence of nonlinear associations between FIns, VFA, and renal function, highlighting specific thresholds that may inform future research and clinical practice.

Limitations:

Conclusion:

The findings indicate pivotal inflection points for FIns and VFA concerning renal function in female patients with T2DM, suggesting potential reference points for future studies and reinforcing the need for further investigation in the context of existing literature.