To provide a comprehensive, indication-based overview of both traditional and emerging applications of the latissimus dorsi flap in reconstructive surgery, specifically through a systematic review.
Key Findings:
188 full-text articles were included, categorizing indications by anatomical location.
Functional reconstructions included facial reanimation, limb motor restoration, urologic reconstruction (including phalloplasty and detrusor myoplasty), and diaphragmatic reconstruction.
Pedicled LD flaps were used for adjacent defects, while free LD flaps were used for distant or complex reconstructions.
Interpretation:
The latissimus dorsi flap is versatile and can be adapted for various defects across anatomical regions, with a notable shift towards functional applications supported by advances in surgical techniques and muscle reinnervation.
Limitations:
No statistical analysis was performed due to the descriptive nature of the review.
Only case-series were included, limiting comparative analysis with other reconstructive methods.
Exclusion of non-English articles may limit the comprehensiveness of the review.
Conclusion:
The latissimus dorsi flap remains a cornerstone in reconstructive surgery, with evolving applications that enhance its utility in both aesthetic and functional reconstruction, driven by advances in surgical techniques.
by María García-García, Belén Andresen-Lorca, Alessandro Thione, Pedro Alvedro-Ruiz, Arantxa Blasco-Serra, Eva M. González-Soler, Alfonso A. Valverde-Navarro
