To examine the association of maternal age (30–34 years) with adverse perinatal outcomes, particularly congenital birth defects and stillbirth, compared to women aged 18–29 years.
Approach:
Literature Search: Conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for studies published from July 1989 until August 2023.
Key Findings:
Maternal age (30–34 years) was associated with a significantly higher risk of overall congenital birth defects (OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.03, 1.17; P = 0.007).
Significant association with Down syndrome (OR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.79, 2.16; P < 0.00001).
Non-significant association with structural birth defects (OR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.94, 1.05; P = 0.8).
Non-significant association with stillbirth (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.94, 1.23; P = 0.3) and other secondary outcomes.
Interpretation:
Maternal age 30–34 years is linked to a higher risk of congenital birth defects, particularly Down syndrome, compared to the 18–29 age group.
Limitations:
Potential publication bias in included studies.
Heterogeneity in study designs and outcome definitions.
Conclusion:
Maternal age 30–34 years is associated with a significantly higher risk of congenital birth defects, especially Down syndrome, but not with other adverse perinatal outcomes.
