To summarize the epidemiology and molecular biology of Avian leukosis virus (ALV) and to review how multi-omics approaches combined with functional genomics can enhance the understanding of host-virus interactions.
Approach:
Multi-Omics Integration: Utilizes high-throughput technologies across genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and epigenetic levels to investigate host-virus interactions.
CRISPR-Based Functional Screening: Employs CRISPR technology for high-throughput validation of candidate host factors and identification of key regulators of viral replication and immune modulation.
Key Findings:
ALV is a persistent threat to the poultry industry due to its ability to induce immunosuppression and promote tumorigenesis.
Current understanding of host-virus interactions is limited by studies focusing on individual host genes or isolated signaling pathways.
Integration of molecular phenotypes with multi-omics data can enhance the identification of genetic variation linked to functional immune responses.
Interpretation:
A comprehensive understanding of host-virus interactions is necessary for developing effective antiviral strategies against ALV.
Limitations:
Existing studies often focus on single-omics layers, limiting the understanding of cross-level regulatory mechanisms.
The subclinical nature of ALV infection complicates the evaluation of host immune responses.
Conclusion:
An integrative systems framework combining multi-omics profiling with CRISPR-based functional validation is proposed to identify key regulatory nodes governing ALV–host interactions.
