To analyze the influencing factors of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in adolescents with depression.
Approach:
Data Sources: Search conducted on PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and CNKI for observational studies published between 1 January 2010 and 7 May 2026.
Key Findings:
Adolescents with depression and NSSI exhibited significantly higher scores for interpersonal problems, negative emotions, alexithymia, and negative self-esteem [MD = 5.88, 95% CI (3.19, 8.57), P < 0.001].
Higher somatic symptom scores [MD = 5.20, 95% CI (–0.03, 10.43), P = 0.05] and emotional deficits [MD = 6.82, 95% CI (0.32, 13.31), P = 0.04] were observed in the study group compared to the control group.
Significant differences in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores [MD = 2.97, 95% CI (1.76, 4.18), P < 0.001] and various forms of childhood abuse were noted between groups.
Childhood Trauma Questionnaire total scores were significantly higher in adolescents with NSSI [MD = 8.93, 95% CI (3.63, 14.24), P < 0.001].
Interpretation:
Adolescents with depressive disorders and NSSI tend to exhibit more severe depressive symptoms, maladaptive emotional regulation patterns, negative coping styles, and higher levels of childhood trauma exposure than those without NSSI.
Limitations:
The review is limited to observational studies, which may introduce bias.
The studies included were published in peer-reviewed journals, potentially excluding relevant unpublished data.
Conclusion:
Psychosocial and emotional factors may play important roles in the occurrence and maintenance of NSSI behaviors in adolescents with depression.
