To systematically evaluate the risk factors for hyponatremia in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) through a meta-analysis.
Approach:
Literature Search: Electronic databases including CNKI, Wanfang Database, VIP Database, CBM, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched from their inception to November 10, 2024.
Study Inclusion Criteria: Included cohort or case-control studies published in Chinese or English that investigated factors associated with hyponatremia in SCI patients.
Data Extraction and Quality Assessment: Two researchers independently conducted literature screening, data extraction, and quality assessment using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.
Meta-Analysis: Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software.
Key Findings:
14 studies involving 2,729 patients with SCI were included.
1,160 patients developed hyponatremia, while 1,569 had normal serum sodium levels.
High-level spinal cord injury (OR = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.04–2.81), complete spinal cord injury (OR = 4.96, 95% CI: 3.75–6.57), concomitant traumatic brain injury (OR = 2.70, 95% CI: 1.79–4.07), and use of assisted ventilation (OR = 3.28, 95% CI: 1.52–7.09) were significant risk factors for hyponatremia.
Interpretation:
Limitations:
Potential risk of publication bias indicated by the funnel plot.
Heterogeneity among studies in terms of populations, sample sizes, and variables.
