To synthesize current evidence on the inducing factors and complication risks of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).
Approach:
Key Findings:
PID is primarily caused by sexually transmitted infections, particularly Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Complications of PID include tubal infertility, ectopic pregnancy, chronic pelvic pain, and systemic issues such as cancer and cardiovascular disorders.
The cervicovaginal microbiota plays an emerging role in idiopathic PID.
Interpretation:
Early diagnosis, appropriate antimicrobial treatment, and comprehensive risk stratification are critical for optimizing clinical outcomes in PID.
Limitations:
Did not perform formal quality assessment of included studies.
Potential risk of citation bias.
Exclusion of non-English studies may limit generalizability.
Conclusion:
A systematic synthesis of PID's etiological factors and complication risks is essential for understanding and managing the disease.
