To explore the impact of micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) on osteoimmunological health, particularly their accumulation in bone marrow and effects on bone remodeling.
Approach:
Review of Evidence: The review synthesizes current experimental evidence and limited human detection data regarding MNPs' effects on bone health.
Mechanistic Insights: It discusses potential mechanisms of MNP-induced osteotoxicity, including oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways.
Key Findings:
MNPs may disturb osteoimmunological homeostasis by impairing osteogenesis and promoting osteoclastogenesis.
Microplastics have been detected in human bone and bone marrow, indicating systemic exposure.
Chronic MNP exposure disrupts bone microarchitecture and affects bone remodeling.
Interpretation:
Bone is a critical target organ for MNP toxicity, which has been largely overlooked in current research.
Limitations:
Limited human detection data on MNPs in bone.
Predominant focus on gastrointestinal effects rather than skeletal impacts.
Conclusion:
The review highlights the need for further research on the effects of MNPs on bone health and suggests incorporating osteoimmunological endpoints in future risk assessments.
