Objective:

To provide a comprehensive analysis of hyperparathyroidism (HPT), focusing on its diagnosis and surgical management.

Approach:

• Overview of HPT: The review discusses the clinical and biochemical profiles of primary, secondary, and tertiary hyperparathyroidism.
• Surgical Management: It examines the evolution of surgical strategies from traditional bilateral neck exploration to minimally invasive parathyroidectomy.
• Diagnostic Pathways: The article highlights advancements in preoperative localization and intraoperative PTH monitoring.

Key Findings:

• Primary hyperparathyroidism is often due to a solitary adenoma, while secondary hyperparathyroidism is a response to chronic hypocalcemia.
• Surgical intervention is the only curative treatment for primary HPT and is crucial for advanced secondary and tertiary disease.
• Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy has improved patient outcomes, achieving cure rates exceeding 95%.

Interpretation:

Limitations:

• The article does not provide specific data on long-term outcomes post-surgery.
• Limited discussion on the cost-effectiveness of advanced imaging techniques.

Conclusion: