To propose a subtype-based framework of preeclampsia (PE) centered on complement dysregulation, integrating mechanistic, genetic, and clinical evidence.
Approach:
Complement Activation Patterns: The review discusses distinct complement activation patterns associated with different PE subtypes, including classical pathway activation in early-onset PE and alternative pathway activation in maternal metabolic disease.
Mechanistic Insights: It highlights the role of complement in immune–vascular interactions during pregnancy and its importance in placental development and endothelial function.
Framework for Precision Medicine: The authors propose a model linking complement dysregulation to clinical phenotypes.
Key Findings:
Preeclampsia is a heterogeneous syndrome with diverse biological origins.
Complement dysregulation contributes to endothelial injury and inflammation in PE.
Different PE subtypes exhibit distinct complement activation patterns.
Interpretation:
The review suggests redefining PE as a complement-stratified syndrome to better understand its biological diversity and improve clinical management.
Limitations:
Current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for PE remain largely non-specific.
The proposed model may not encompass all aspects of PE pathogenesis.
Conclusion:
The review provides a conceptual foundation for precision diagnostics and mechanism-guided therapy in preeclampsia.
