To characterize the representation of trained-immunity-associated concepts, which refer to the mechanisms by which innate immune cells undergo long-term changes, in the osteoimmunology literature and their connections within inflammatory bone disease research.
Key Findings:
Publication output increased from 2013 to 2025, peaking in 2025 with a total of 83 records in the core corpus and 301 in the extended corpus.
Periodontitis was the most prominent disease context identified.
Key themes included myeloid-cell reprogramming, epigenetic and metabolic remodeling, and macrophage-related pathways.
Interpretation:
Research on trained immunity in inflammatory bone disease is growing, with significant connections to myeloid reprogramming and inflammatory processes, indicating a need for further exploration.
Limitations:
The literature remains fragmented across various inflammatory bone conditions, which may hinder comprehensive understanding.
The study does not infer causality but rather characterizes literature-level patterns.
Conclusion:
The findings provide a structured overview of an emerging field, highlighting the relevance of trained immunity across multiple inflammatory bone diseases.
Researchers urge caution in interpreting joint replacement predictors, noting that surgery reflects access and decision-making as well as disease biology.
