To analyze the salivary, sputum, and fecal mycobiome in patients with Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) and evaluate its role in phenotypic stratification and clinical outcomes, including immune response and infection rates.
Key Findings:
Mycobiome composition significantly differed between CVID patients and healthy controls, indicating potential diagnostic value.
Fungal richness and evenness were reduced in CVID, especially in respiratory and oral samples, which may correlate with clinical symptoms.
A 'Candida-skewed' configuration was observed, with increased abundance of Candida albicans and other opportunistic yeasts, suggesting a shift in microbial balance.
Random forest models based on fungal profiles showed high accuracy in distinguishing CVID from controls, with implications for non-invasive diagnostics.
Interpretation:
The findings suggest a consistent enrichment of opportunistic yeasts in CVID, indicating a potential pathobiont role for C. albicans and highlighting the mycobiome's relevance in CVID pathogenesis, which may inform future therapeutic strategies.
Limitations:
The study's cross-sectional design limits causal inferences and may introduce temporal biases.
Sample size may restrict the generalizability of findings, necessitating further research with larger cohorts.
Conclusion:
This study provides the first integrated view of mycobiome alterations in CVID, suggesting fungal signatures as potential non-invasive biomarkers for the condition, which could enhance patient management and treatment strategies.
by Marta Dafne Cabanero-Navalon, Miguel Carda-Diéguez, Alex Mira, Pedro Moral Moral, Maria Mercedes Diaz Luna, Héctor Balastegui-Martín, Miguel Salavert Lletí, Victor Garcia-Bustos
