To investigate the effect of milling and haptic guidance parameters on milling accuracy in teleoperated surgical systems.
Key Findings:
Haptic assistance improved path-tracing accuracy for non-expert users, indicating its potential for training.
Different master-side scale factors influenced the accuracy of user input, suggesting the need for tailored settings.
Slave-side robot accuracy was maintained during autonomous milling trials, highlighting the reliability of the system.
Interpretation:
The findings suggest that haptic assistance can enhance the performance of novice users in surgical milling tasks, potentially improving patient safety and treatment outcomes, aligning with previous research on haptic feedback in surgical applications.
Limitations:
The study involved non-expert users, which may not fully represent expert surgeon performance; future studies should include expert participants.
The testing environment may not replicate all clinical scenarios, indicating a need for real-world testing.
Conclusion:
On-site teleoperated milling with haptic assistance shows promise for improving surgical accuracy, particularly for less experienced surgeons, and warrants further investigation in clinical settings.
