Objective:

To assess the association between HLA class II alleles and treatment outcomes specifically in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy.

Approach:

Key Findings:

• Patients with DRB1*04:05 had a median progression-free survival (PFS) of 2 months (95% CI: 1.214–2.786), significantly shorter than the 3 months (95% CI: 1.933–4.067) for DRB1*04:05-negative patients (log rank p=0.045).
• DRB1*04:05 was independently associated with shorter PFS in patients treated with ICIs.

Interpretation:

HLA class II alleles, particularly DRB1*04:05, are associated with worse survival outcomes in patients treated with ICIs, suggesting a need for tailored treatment strategies.

Limitations:

• The study included only Japanese patients, which may limit generalizability to other populations.
• The sample size was relatively small with only 96 participants, which may affect the robustness of the findings.

Conclusion:

HLA class II alleles are linked to treatment outcomes in ICI therapy, with DRB1*04:05 indicating worse prognosis, highlighting the potential for personalized treatment approaches.

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