To assess the safety and efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) based on randomized controlled trials and cohort studies specifically related to ICIs.
Key Findings:
ICIs improve progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) across multiple cancer types, including melanoma, lung cancer, and renal cell carcinoma.
Toxicity remains a significant concern, with irAEs affecting various organ systems.
High tumor mutational burden (TMB) and PD-L1 expression are predictive biomarkers for ICI response.
Combination therapies show superior outcomes but increased toxicity compared to monotherapy.
Interpretation:
ICIs represent a significant advancement in cancer treatment, offering durable responses while necessitating careful management of associated toxicities to optimize patient outcomes.
Limitations:
The role of biomarkers in predicting irAEs remains investigational, which may limit clinical applicability.
The review did not prospectively register in PROSPERO, potentially affecting transparency.
Conclusion:
Future research should focus on refining patient selection, optimizing toxicity management, and identifying novel biomarkers to enhance ICI therapy effectiveness, ultimately improving patient outcomes.
