Objective:

To explore the challenges and strategies for supporting individuals with co-occurring substance use and mental health problems (COP), defined as individuals facing complex needs due to both conditions, in the context of housing and service delivery.

Key Findings:

• Persons with COP face significant challenges including social marginalization, underdiagnosis, and undertreatment.
• The HF model is effective in improving housing stability and is preferred by service users for its person-centered approach, which aligns with their needs.
• There is a contradiction between the right to housing independent of behavior change and the requirement for treatment in some models.

Interpretation:

A multidimensional approach to health and housing is essential for supporting individuals with COP, addressing both their mental health and substance use needs within a supportive community framework, which can lead to better outcomes.

Limitations:

• The review may not encompass all regional variations in service delivery for persons with COP, particularly in low-resource settings.
• Limited empirical data on the long-term effectiveness of the HF model in diverse populations.

Conclusion:

Effective support for individuals with COP requires integrating housing solutions with comprehensive mental health and substance use services, emphasizing individual rights and recovery-oriented practices.