To present cases of patients with co-occurring anti-NMDAR encephalitis and MOGAD optic neuritis.
Approach:
Case Descriptions: Three patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis and MOGAD optic neuritis were described, detailing their demographics, clinical presentations, investigations, and management.
Key Findings:
All patients tested positive for CSF anti-NMDAR antibodies during the encephalitis episode.
Positive serum MOG titers were found during the optic neuritis episode in all patients.
MRI revealed abnormal T2/FLAIR lesions and optic nerve enhancement in all cases.
Visual acuity improved to baseline levels following treatment in all patients, indicating effective management.
Interpretation:
The series highlights the overlap between anti-NMDAR encephalitis and MOGAD optic neuritis, indicating that optic neuritis may occur months to years after encephalitis.
Limitations:
The case series is limited by the small number of patients.
Long-term outcomes and the implications of dual autoimmunity require further investigation to understand their significance.
Conclusion:
Careful monitoring is necessary for patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis who develop new visual symptoms.
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