To systematically explore the prevalence of thyroid disorders in coastal and inland regions and understand the impact of dietary, environmental, demographic, and healthcare access differences on thyroid disease occurrence.
Approach:
Methodology: Databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus were used to identify articles following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Twenty-three articles were selected based on specific criteria including language, publication date, and relevance to thyroid disease prevalen…
Key Findings:
Higher prevalence of thyroid cancer and thyroid nodules in coastal populations.
Goiter and hypothyroidism more prevalent in inland and mountainous areas.
Iodine status, seafood consumption, environmental pollutants, iodization of salt, socioeconomic conditions, and healthcare access influenced thyroid disease prevalence.
Female gender and older age were significantly associated with a greater burden of disease in both regions.
Interpretation:
Geographical location significantly affects the distribution of thyroid disorders, primarily through iodine intake and exposure to environmental pollutants.
Limitations:
Limited number of studies specifically comparing coastal and inland populations.
Variability in study methodologies and definitions of thyroid disorders.
Conclusion:
Regular monitoring of environmental pollutants, early detection, universal iodization of salt, and proactive iodine supplementation may reduce the prevalence of thyroid disorders.
