Objective:

To explore the interplay between biomechanics, metabolism, and immunity in chronic inflammatory spinal diseases.

Approach:

Key Findings:

• Chronic inflammatory spinal disorders like axSpA and IDD share microenvironmental features but lead to different pathological outcomes.
• Current therapies, including bDMARDs, show limited effectiveness in halting structural progression.
• The spinal microenvironment acts as an 'immune organ' with unique anatomical and physiological properties.

Interpretation:

The review suggests that understanding the spinal microenvironment's role in immune dysregulation is crucial for developing effective therapies.

Limitations:

• The review does not provide empirical data to support the proposed therapeutic strategies.
• It primarily focuses on theoretical frameworks without extensive clinical validation.

Conclusion:

Modulating the spinal microenvironment may offer new strategies to restore immune balance and prevent structural failure in spinal diseases.

Attribution Notice

This content is an AI-generated, fully rewritten summary based on a published scholarly article. It does not reproduce the original text and is not a substitute for the original publication. Readers are encouraged to consult the source for full context, data, and methodology.