To critically examine the limitations of classical autoimmune theory using multiple sclerosis (MS) as a case study, particularly in relation to long-term disease outcomes.
Approach:
Key Findings:
MS supports immune-mediated mechanisms in early disease but shows a disconnect between inflammation and long-term disability.
The traditional linear model of autoimmune disease does not adequately explain the complexity of disease progression in MS.
The review highlights the need to distinguish between mechanisms of susceptibility, inflammatory activity, and progressive worsening in autoimmune diseases.
Interpretation:
Limitations:
The review focuses primarily on MS and may not generalize to all autoimmune diseases, as it highlights theoretical gaps without providing new empirical data.
Conclusion:
The review emphasizes the need for refining theoretical models to better organize complex empirical evidence in autoimmune and immune-mediated diseases.
