Objective:

To systematically summarize study-level factors associated with postoperative hematoma after ultrasound-guided vacuum-assisted breast lesion excision (VAE) using a vacuum-assisted breast biopsy (VABB) system, and to organize the available evidence according to a novel T-P-B framework comprising tumor-related, position-related, and breast- or peri-procedural management-related factors.

Approach:

Key Findings:

• Five study-level factors associated with postoperative hematoma were identified.
• Tumor numbers (OR = 4.21, 95% CI = 2.59–6.85) and numbers of cutting passes (OR = 3.87, 95% CI = 2.16–6.95) were significantly associated with hematoma formation.
• Non-moderate tumor depth (OR = 4.39, 95% CI: 1.21–15.92) and higher vascularity grade (OR = 2.60, 95% CI: 1.42–4.76) were linked to increased hematoma risk.
• Postoperative compression duration of less than 48 hours (OR = 4.34, 95% CI: 2.53–7.45) was associated with hematoma formation.

Interpretation:

The T-P-B framework provides a structure for organizing factors related to hematoma formation and may aid in perioperative risk assessment.

Limitations:

• The systematic review did not prospectively register the protocol.
• The included studies were primarily retrospective, which may affect the reliability of the findings.

Conclusion:

The study identified key factors linked to postoperative hematoma after VAE, suggesting the T-P-B framework as a useful tool for risk assessment.

Attribution Notice

This content is an AI-generated, fully rewritten summary based on a published scholarly article. It does not reproduce the original text and is not a substitute for the original publication. Readers are encouraged to consult the source for full context, data, and methodology.