To examine changes in ADHD diagnosis rates over time in relation to DSM-5 implementation and the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting their interrelation, using data from British Columbia.
Key Findings:
ADHD diagnoses increased from 2003 to 2023, with 110,874 males and 74,264 females newly diagnosed, indicating a significant gender disparity.
Incidence accelerated post-DSM-5 implementation, particularly among elementary school-aged children, highlighting the impact of revised diagnostic criteria.
Post-COVID-19, the highest incidence increases were among high school-aged female adolescents and young adults, suggesting a shift in diagnostic trends.
Interpretation:
The increase in ADHD diagnoses may be linked to heightened awareness and changes in diagnostic criteria, with the pandemic exacerbating symptoms and identification, particularly in females, who may be more affected by social disruptions.
Limitations:
Under-capture of undiagnosed individuals and those managed in private settings may skew results.
Inability to establish causality between DSM-5 changes, the pandemic, and diagnostic trends limits the interpretation of findings.
Conclusion:
The sustained increase in ADHD diagnoses, particularly among females post-pandemic, underscores the need for ongoing monitoring and appropriate assessment services, with specific recommendations for targeted interventions.
