To investigate the independent and synergistic associations of AMH and the TyG index with PCOS and evaluate their predictive performance for PCOS risk.
Approach:
Study Design: Single-center retrospective cross-sectional study including 628 participants from 2020 to 2024, assessing clinical, hormonal, and metabolic parameters.
Statistical Analysis: Logistic regression, restricted cubic splines (RCS), subgroup analysis, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to examine associations and predictive ability.
Key Findings:
Adjusted analyses confirmed AMH and the TyG index as independent risk factors for PCOS (ORs = 1.252, 1.981; both P < 0.05).
A significant interaction was identified (OR = 1.029, P < 0.001).
In subgroup analyses, a significant positive association was observed between the TyG index and PCOS risk in the low AMH subgroup (OR = 4.561, P = 0.002).
Compared with the double-low group (low AMH and low TyG), the risk for PCOS showed a sequential increase in the low AMH/high TyG, high AMH/low TyG, and double-high groups (ORs = 3.582, 5.894, and 12.082; all P < 0.05).
The predictive model combining AMH and the TyG index demonstrated the highest accuracy (AUC = 0.693), which was slightly higher than that of either indicator alone.
Interpretation:
Beyond their independent roles, AMH and the TyG index interact synergistically in the pathogenesis of PCOS.
Limitations:
The study is retrospective and conducted at a single center, which may limit generalizability.
Potential confounding factors may not have been fully accounted for.
Conclusion:
AMH and the TyG index not only act independently but also have a synergistic effect in the context of PCOS.
