To explore how AI can enhance cognitive processes in cardiovascular care, emphasizing its role as a cognitive instrument rather than merely focusing on technical performance.
Approach:
Cognitive Instrument Perspective: AI is viewed as a cognitive tool that reshapes how cardiovascular teams perceive, prioritize, reason, decide, communicate, and learn.
Dual-Process Theories: The manuscript builds on dual-process theories of clinical reasoning, proposing that AI supports both rapid pattern recognition (System 1) and slower analytic reasoning (System 2).
Key Findings:
AI should not replace clinical intuition but rather enhance cognitive processes in cardiovascular care.
Accountable intelligence is defined as AI that is accurate, explainable, locally validated, equitable, auditable, and monitored.
Cardiovascular care involves complex decision-making that requires integration of diverse information, making AI's role in reasoning critical.
The evaluation of AI should encompass its impact on the reasoning process, not just diagnostic accuracy.
Interpretation:
The effectiveness of AI in cardiovascular care should be assessed based on its ability to improve cognitive processes and clinical decision-making, emphasizing the importance of accountable intelligence.
Limitations:
AI may introduce new vulnerabilities such as automation bias, alert fatigue, and hidden inequities.
The evaluation of AI should encompass its impact on the reasoning process, not just diagnostic accuracy.
Conclusion:
AI must be designed and evaluated for its judgment capabilities in addition to its predictive abilities, with a focus on accountable intelligence.
