Objective:

To evaluate the association between higher-dose vitamin D3 supplementation during pregnancy and cognitive outcomes in children at age 10 years.

Approach:

Key Findings:

• Higher-dose vitamin D3 supplementation was associated with modestly higher verbal memory (effect size 0.17 SD) and visual memory scores (effect size 0.24 SD).
• No statistically significant differences were found for estimated intelligence or most other cognitive functions.
• Only verbal and visual memory measures remained significantly associated with supplementation after correction for multiple comparisons.

Interpretation:

The findings indicate an association between higher-dose prenatal vitamin D3 and improved memory scores, although the effects are modest and not statistically significant for other cognitive functions.

Limitations:

• The analysis was post hoc and non-prespecified, limiting its interpretability.
• The trial was not originally powered for cognitive outcomes.
• The cohort was predominantly White and relatively vitamin D sufficient, which may limit generalizability.

Conclusion:

The study highlights the need for further research on prenatal vitamin D dosing and its cognitive effects.

Sources:

• JAMA Network Open
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