To report a rare pediatric case of pulmonary EBV-SMT in a patient with suspected underlying immune dysfunction (characterized by low CD4+ T-cell counts) and to contribute to the limited clinical literature on its presentation, diagnosis, and therapeutic approach.
Key Findings:
In situ hybridization confirmed the presence of Epstein–Barr virus-encoded RNA.
Histopathological examination revealed spindle cell proliferation consistent with EBV-SMT.
Immunohistochemical analysis showed positivity for smooth muscle actin, Ki-67, and calponin.
Interpretation:
Pulmonary EBV-SMT should be considered in pediatric patients with unexplained pulmonary nodules and underlying immunodeficiency, emphasizing the critical need for early diagnosis and a combination of local tumor control and immunomodulatory therapy.
Limitations:
The rarity of the condition limits generalizability of findings.
Long-term management strategies remain unclear due to potential tumor recurrence.
Further research is needed to understand the condition better.
Conclusion:
Effective therapeutic strategies and long-term management approaches are urgently needed for pediatric patients with EBV-SMT, particularly to address the challenges of tumor recurrence.
