To investigate how annual changes in obesity rates differ by income quantiles across U.S. states from 2012 to 2020.
Approach:
Empirical Model: An empirical model was developed incorporating income-quantile dummy variables and a linear time trend to evaluate differences in average annual changes in obesity prevalence across income groups.
Data Source: The analysis utilized state-level data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) to assess annual changes in obesity prevalence.
Key Findings:
Obesity prevalence is higher in lower-income groups compared to higher-income groups.
All income groups experienced positive annual increases in obesity prevalence from 2012 to 2020.
The highest income group (annual income above $75,000) showed a larger average annual increase in obesity prevalence compared to lower and middle-income groups.
The estimated time trend for annual changes in obesity prevalence was not statistically significant, indicating stable differences in annual changes across income groups over time.
Interpretation:
The findings highlight persistent socioeconomic differences in obesity prevalence across U.S. states.
Limitations:
The study relies on self-reported data, which may underestimate true obesity prevalence.
The analysis focuses on annual changes rather than prevalence levels, which may limit broader interpretations.
Conclusion:
Public health responses may benefit from addressing income-related differences in obesity prevalence through initiatives such as information campaigns and improved access to healthy foods.
