To assess the relationship between vitamin D levels and specific indicators of bone disease, such as fracture risk and bone mineral density, in community-dwelling patients.
Approach:
Key Findings:
Many patients with low serum vitamin D levels do not show clear biochemical or structural indicators of bone disease, indicating a potential disconnect between vitamin D levels and bone health.
Only about 6% of patients with 25(OH)D levels below 30 nmol/L had low serum calcium, and approximately 3% had low phosphate levels, suggesting limited biochemical abnormalities.
Bone biopsy data and imaging studies did not consistently show associations between vitamin D levels and reduced bone mineral density, raising questions about the reliability of current deficiency thresholds.
Mixed evidence on vitamin D supplementation for fracture prevention, with some studies showing no significant reduction in fracture risk, particularly in community-dwelling populations.
Interpretation:
The findings suggest that vitamin D deficiency may not be a reliable indicator of bone disease in community-dwelling patients, indicating a need to reevaluate the thresholds for deficiency and their clinical implications.
Limitations:
The thresholds for vitamin D deficiency were not established based on clear evidence of bone disease, which may limit their applicability.
Evidence from randomized controlled trials is mixed and may not apply to all populations, complicating the interpretation of supplementation efficacy.
Conclusion:
Widespread screening or supplementation for vitamin D in healthy community populations is not supported; instead, targeted approaches for high-risk groups, such as those with limited sun exposure or malnutrition, are recommended.
Plasma proteomic models of more than 40 cell types were associated with incident Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, cancer, and mortality across three large cohorts.
