Objective:

To protect fish against endocrine disruption and improve reproductive hormones using cobalt nanoparticles diets (Co-NPs).

Approach:

Key Findings:

• Reproductive hormones such as GnRH, progesterone, 11-KT, FSH, LH-RH, Vt, and estradiol were significantly improved with Co-NP supplementation at 0.4 and 0.6 mg kg-¹.
• Milt characteristics including count, motility, and velocity metrics were enhanced by dietary Co-NPs at 0.4 and 0.6 mg kg-¹.

Interpretation:

Dietary supplementation of Co-NPs at specified concentrations demonstrated potential to improve reproductive efficiency in A. testudineus under stress conditions.

Limitations:

• The study was limited to specific concentrations of Co-NPs and may not reflect broader applications.
• The long-term effects of Co-NP supplementation on fish health and ecosystem were not assessed.

Conclusion:

Dietary Co-NPs at 0.4 and 0.6 mg kg-¹ can improve reproductive efficiency in fish under combined abiotic stress conditions.

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