To analyze the effectiveness of different treatment regimens for cerebral artery stump syndrome (CASS) through a comprehensive analysis of existing literature.
Approach:
Data Sources: Literature was retrieved from PubMed, Embase, and China Biomedical Literature Database, with a search conducted up to 15 September 2025.
Key Findings:
188 patients were included (103 with CSS, 85 with VASS) from 43 studies.
Recurrence rate with medical treatment alone was 19.0%, significantly higher than invasive treatments (1.7% for carotid endarterectomy, 0.0% for endovascular embolization and stenting, 5.4% for endovascular recanalization).
Initial anticoagulant therapy had a recurrence rate of 42.1%, compared to 93.0% with antiplatelet therapy.
Interpretation:
Embolus source occlusion is crucial for CASS treatment.
Limitations:
Lack of consensus on optimal therapeutic strategies for CASS.
Potential biases in included studies due to varying methodologies.
Conclusion:
Individualized diagnosis and treatment for CSS and VASS are essential, and this study provides evidence for standardized clinical approaches.
