Objective:

To investigate the efficacy and safety of rituximab administration during conditioning regimen following haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo-HSCT) in the prevention of post-transplant EBV infection.

Approach:

Key Findings:

• R group had a lower cumulative incidence of EBV viremia (4.00% vs. 22.67%, P = 0.049).
• R group exhibited a lower incidence of acute GVHD (28% vs. 50.67%, P = 0.048).
• Trend towards reduction of PTLD in R group (0% vs. 10.67%, P = 0.089).
• No significant differences in CMV viremia, chronic GVHD, and 100-day NRM between groups.
• 2-year OS rates were similar (R group: 83.8% ± 0.086%, C group: 81.9% ± 0.050%, P = 0.360).
• 2-year PFS rates were also similar (R group: 83.8% ± 0.086%, C group: 72.6% ± 0.068%, P = 0.360).

Interpretation:

Limitations:

• Retrospective design may introduce bias.
• Small sample size in the R group (n = 25).
• Results require validation through prospective randomized controlled trials.

Conclusion:

Further studies are needed for validation.

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