Microbiome-orchestrated cross-organ immunity in autoimmunity: from metabolites to therapeutic targets
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By
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Xianlin Rao
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Li Zou
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Xiaoyu Cai
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Yao Yao
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Lingling Zhong
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May 25, 2026
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Objective:
To advance a metabolite-centered framework for understanding how gut microbial ecology influences autoimmunity across different organs.
Key Findings:
- Microbiota-derived metabolites act as biochemical checkpoints linking intestinal health to systemic autoimmunity.
- Short-chain fatty acids, bile acid derivatives, and other metabolites influence immune responses in distant organs.
- Sex-dependent microbiome-immune interactions may affect autoimmune risk and treatment responses.
Interpretation:
Limitations:
- Heterogeneity in autoimmune diseases complicates therapeutic translation.
- Limited causal validation and safety concerns regarding interventions.
- Insufficient sex-aware trial designs.
Conclusion:
