To explore the clinical characteristics, multidisciplinary treatment experience of patients with intravenous leiomyomatosis with inferior vena cava and/or intracardiac extension and propose several surgical tips.
Approach:
Surgical Procedure: All patients underwent one-stage surgery for complete tumor removal, with collaboration between gynecological oncologists and cardiovascular surgeons.
Key Findings:
80% of patients presented with pelvic and/or intracardiac masses.
60% had concomitant intracardiac tumors.
Surgery resulted in a median blood loss of 800 mL.
Postoperative complications included pulmonary/pelvic infections (60%), incomplete intestinal obstruction (20%), and lower extremity and iliac vein thromboses (20%), with no recurrence observed during follow-up.
Interpretation:
Limitations:
Small sample size of only 5 patients.
Retrospective nature may limit the generalizability of findings.
Conclusion:
Complete surgical resection is crucial for intravenous leiomyomatosis involving major vessels or the heart.
