Objective:

To investigate the efficacy and safety of deep hyperthermia combined with tislelizumab and chemotherapy in patients with advanced squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) from January 2021 to January 2023.

Key Findings:

• Objective response rate (ORR) in the experimental group was 66.0% (33/50), compared to 46.0% (23/50) in the control group (P = 0.044).
• Disease control rate (DCR) was 86.0% (43/50) in the experimental group versus 84.0% (42/50) in the control group.
• No statistically significant difference in treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) between the two groups (P > 0.05).
• Median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) showed no significant difference between groups (P = 0.647; P = 0.370).

Interpretation:

The combination of deep hyperthermia with tislelizumab and chemotherapy appears to enhance the ORR without increasing adverse events, suggesting a potential benefit in treatment efficacy, highlighting the need for larger trials.

Limitations:

• Retrospective design may introduce selection bias.
• Small sample size limits generalizability and may affect the reliability of the findings.
• Lack of long-term follow-up data.

Conclusion:

Deep hyperthermia combined with tislelizumab and chemotherapy is safe and effective for advanced squamous NSCLC and warrants further investigation in larger trials to confirm these findings.