Objective:

To assess the risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in relation to the number of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) cycles, highlighting the importance of understanding this relationship for women's health.

Key Findings:

• Each additional ART cycle was associated with a modest increased CVD risk (HR 1.07; 95% CI: 1.04–1.10), indicating a potential dose-response relationship.
• No clear increased risk of hypertension was observed (HR 1.02; 95% CI: 1.00–1.04).
• Increased CVD risk was primarily driven by thromboembolic events such as pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis.
• Programmed frozen cycles had a stronger association with CVD risk (HR 1.35; 95% CI: 1.18–1.55), suggesting specific ART cycle types may influence risk.
• Weak evidence for increased risk among women with four or more ART cycles (HR 1.34; 95% CI: 0.99–1.81), warranting further investigation.

Interpretation:

Women undergoing ART may have an increased risk of CVD, particularly due to thromboembolism, but not chronic hypertension. Monitoring cardiovascular health in these women is advisable to mitigate potential risks.

Limitations:

• Study findings need confirmation in larger samples with longer follow-up to validate results.
• Potential confounding factors related to ART and pre-existing health conditions, such as lifestyle factors and genetic predispositions, may not be fully accounted for.

Conclusion:

The study suggests a potential increased risk of CVD associated with ART cycles, particularly with programmed frozen cycles, highlighting the need for cardiovascular health monitoring in women undergoing ART and the necessity for further research.