Objective:

To explore the application and innovations of extended reality (XR) technologies in joint surgery and their clinical implications, emphasizing their potential to improve surgical outcomes.

Key Findings:

• AR navigation technology assists in atlantoaxial pedicle screw placement with efficiency and accuracy, potentially improving surgical outcomes.
• MR technology shows potential for interactive visualization in surgeries but has limitations such as registration drift and occlusion, which need to be addressed.
• A systematic review indicated that MR's clinical effectiveness compared to traditional methods lacks high-quality evidence, underscoring the need for further research.
• Combining MR with 3D printing enhances orthopedic education by improving student performance and learning efficiency, demonstrating its application potential.

Interpretation:

XR technology demonstrates feasibility and application potential in orthopedic surgical guidance and medical education, but current studies are in early stages with several limitations that necessitate further investigation.

Limitations:

• Current clinical evidence for MR is limited and lacks high-quality support, indicating a need for more rigorous studies.
• Challenges include registration drift, occlusion, sterility, and workflow integration, which require innovative solutions.

Conclusion:

The research topic aims to provide a platform for sharing experiences and innovations in XR applications in joint surgery, emphasizing the importance of ongoing research and collaboration in this evolving field.