Objective:

To compare the effectiveness of two different protocols for preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis (AP) prior to retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) in high-risk patients for infectious complications, specifically targeting urinary tract infections and systemic infections.

Key Findings:

• The incidence of postoperative infectious complications was assessed and compared between the two groups, revealing significant differences.
• Secondary outcomes such as positive urine culture rates and hospital stay lengths were also evaluated, with notable findings.

Interpretation:

The study aims to determine if a shorter duration of antibiotic prophylaxis is as effective as a longer duration in preventing infections post-RIRS in high-risk patients.

Limitations:

• The study may have limited generalizability due to specific inclusion criteria, and potential biases in patient selection and outcome assessment could affect the validity of the findings.

Conclusion:

The findings will help inform best practices for antibiotic prophylaxis in high-risk patients undergoing RIRS, potentially optimizing patient outcomes and minimizing antibiotic resistance, thus impacting clinical guidelines.