To provide an overview of the inflammatory mechanisms underlying myocarditis and highlight potential therapeutic targets.
Approach:
Key Findings:
Viral myocarditis is the most common form, with various viruses implicated, including parvovirus B19 and enteroviruses.
Dysregulated inflammatory responses, rather than direct pathogen-mediated injury alone, play a central role in determining disease severity and progression.
Autoimmune mechanisms driven by molecular mimicry, pathogenic autoantibodies, and genetic susceptibility further sustain myocardial injury.
Interpretation:
Understanding the immune mechanisms in myocarditis is crucial for refining diagnosis and guiding treatment.
Limitations:
The mechanisms linking immune activation and myocardial injury remain incompletely understood.
The review does not exhaustively cover diagnostic and imaging aspects.
Conclusion:
This review highlights the potential of inflammation-guided risk stratification and emerging immunomodulatory strategies in myocarditis.
by Cristina Madaudo, Daniela Di Lisi, Francesca Macaione, Vincenzo Nuzzi, Andrea Micarelli, Giusy Sausa, Giovanni Castelli, Egle Corrado, Alfredo Ruggero Galassi, Giuseppina Novo
A review of cardiogenic shock studies suggests serial lactate measurements provide more prognostic information than isolated values and may better reflect treatment response.
