Objective:

To examine non-pharmacological interventions targeting insomnia's underlying mechanisms through five physical factor therapies.

Approach:

Key Findings:

• Physical factor therapies may serve as promising adjunctive options for selected insomnia phenotypes.
• Current evidence for several modalities remains heterogeneous and preliminary.
• Advances in portable and home-based technologies support the feasibility of these therapies.

Interpretation:

Future research should focus on larger sham-controlled trials, objective sleep and circadian outcomes, standardized protocols, biomarker-guided stratification, and closed-loop intervention systems.

Limitations:

• Evidence remains heterogeneous across different interventions and populations.
• Long-term effectiveness, adherence, and cost-effectiveness of these therapies are yet to be established.

Conclusion:

The review highlights the potential of non-pharmacological approaches in treating insomnia while acknowledging the need for further research.

Attribution Notice

This content is an AI-generated, fully rewritten summary based on a published scholarly article. It does not reproduce the original text and is not a substitute for the original publication. Readers are encouraged to consult the source for full context, data, and methodology.