To analyze outcomes and patterns of metastatic spread in patients with conjunctival malignant melanoma.
Key Findings:
25% of patients developed metastases during long-term follow-up.
Local recurrence occurred in 47% of patients at a mean of 42 months.
Regional lymph node metastasis occurred in 31 patients at a mean of 49 months.
Distant metastasis occurred in 24 patients at a mean of 56 months.
cT2 tumors had a higher metastatic risk compared to cT1 tumors.
pT1 tumors treated with adjuvant therapy had lower rates of systemic spread.
Interpretation:
The study clarifies the relationship between clinical stage, tumor location, recurrence, and metastatic progression, which may aid in risk stratification and surveillance strategies.
Limitations:
Retrospective design may introduce bias.
Long study period could affect the relevance of findings.
Conclusion:
Findings may help refine risk stratification and guide surveillance strategies in patients with conjunctival melanoma.
A retrospective database study found a low absolute incidence but higher relative hazard of ischemic optic neuropathy following semaglutide initiation.
