Objective:

To summarize the status, limitations, and emerging approaches in the diagnosis of lung fibrosis, focusing on imaging modalities, histopathological techniques, molecular diagnostics, and artificial intelligence applications.

Approach:

Key Findings:

• High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is the gold standard for non-invasive diagnosis, with pattern classification guided by the 2022 ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT guidelines.
• MRI, lung ultrasound, and functional imaging offer valuable adjuncts.
• Surgical lung biopsy provides histopathological confirmation but carries risks; transbronchial lung cryobiopsy (TBLC) is a less invasive alternative with high diagnostic yields.
• Emerging techniques like gene expression profiling and AI-enhanced imaging show promise but are adjuncts to multidisciplinary discussion.
• Home-based monitoring technologies and molecular imaging have improved longitudinal disease monitoring capabilities.
• Challenges include diagnostic variability, limited access to advanced modalities, and lack of standardized diagnostic algorithms.

Interpretation:

Limitations:

• Diagnostic variability persists.
• Access to advanced diagnostic modalities is limited.
• Absence of standardized diagnostic algorithms.

Conclusion:

Attribution Notice

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