Vaccines as treatment for melanoma: an update review
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By
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Jinjue Zhang
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Qing Cao
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Ying Cen
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Ling Zhang
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Junjie Chen
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June 9, 2026
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Objective:
To review recent advances in therapeutic vaccines for melanoma.
Key Findings:
- Sixteen distinct methodologies have been evaluated in randomized phase III clinical trials.
- Talimogene laherparevec (T-VEC) is the only FDA-approved vaccine for melanoma treatment.
- Most vaccine strategies elicited immune responses but had limited clinical efficacy.
- Combining vaccines with other immunomodulatory agents enhances their therapeutic potential.
Interpretation:
Limitations:
- The evidence for a clear clinical impact of therapeutic vaccines remains ambiguous.
- Many patients do not respond to existing immunotherapies.
Conclusion:
