To evaluate the efficacy and safety profiles of GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) through a meta-analysis of randomized trials.
Approach:
Meta-Analysis: Conducted a meta-analysis of 8 randomized trials involving 850 PD patients, comparing GLP-1RAs (Exenatide, Lixisenatide, Liraglutide, NLY01) to placebo over treatment periods of 36–52 weeks.
Key Findings:
GLP-1RAs significantly improved motor function post-treatment (SMD = −0.21, 95% CI −0.35 to −0.07, p = 0.003) and at follow-up (SMD = −0.32, 95% CI −0.55 to −0.08, p = 0.009).
Mood outcomes improved post-treatment (SMD = −0.36, 95% CI −0.58 to −0.14, p = 0.001) and sustained at follow-up (SMD = −0.27, 95% CI −0.48 to −0.06, p = 0.013).
Cognitive function improved during follow-up (SMD = −0.34, 95% CI −0.50 to −0.18, p < 0.001).
Weight loss (OR = 3.87, 95% CI 1.88 to 7.94, p < 0.001) and gastrointestinal disorders (OR = 2.85, 95% CI 2.29 to 3.54, p < 0.001) were more frequent with GLP-1RAs.
PD symptom exacerbation was reduced (OR = 0.60, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.94, p = 0.025).
Interpretation:
Limitations:
Inconsistencies in efficacy across different trials, particularly regarding non-motor symptoms.
