To explore the role of exerkines in heart failure and their potential as therapeutic targets through exercise-induced biomolecular changes.
Key Findings:
Structured physical training significantly reduces circulating levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α in heart failure patients.
Greater reductions in exerkines correlate with improvements in maximal oxygen consumption and left ventricular ejection fraction.
Exercise can attenuate systemic inflammation and neurohormonal activation, favoring both central and peripheral adaptations.
Interpretation:
The findings suggest that exercise-induced modulation of exerkines can serve as dynamic biomarkers reflecting biological adaptations during rehabilitation, potentially guiding personalized exercise prescriptions.
Limitations:
Most studies included were conducted in high-income countries, limiting generalizability.
Questions remain regarding the optimal exercise types and intensities for maximizing molecular benefits.
Conclusion:
Physical exercise reduces pro-inflammatory exerkines in heart failure, linking molecular adaptation to functional recovery and highlighting the need for personalized rehabilitation strategies that consider biological, behavioral, and psychosocial factors.
