Objective:

To characterize the global development of PD-1-based bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) for gastric cancer (GC) and analyze trends in clinical trials.

Approach:

Key Findings:

• 121 interventional clinical trials were identified, with phase II trials making up the largest segment (51.24%).
• CTLA-4 was the most common non-PD-1 co-target (61.98%), followed by VEGF (11.57%) and TIGIT (7.44%).
• Combination therapy was predominant, particularly with chemotherapy, and most trials focused on stage III/IV GC.
• The majority of trials were sponsored by academic institutions, with 84.30% conducted in China.

Interpretation:

The analysis reveals a rapidly expanding pipeline for PD-1 BsAbs in GC, highlighting the need for rational design and combination strategies to address immune tolerance.

Limitations:

• The study is limited to trials registered up to April 17, 2026, and may not capture ongoing or future developments.
• The focus on interventional trials may overlook other important research avenues.

Conclusion:

The findings support the development of PD-1 BsAbs and emphasize the importance of balancing efficacy and safety, patient stratification, and international collaboration.

Sources:

• INFORMA Database
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