Objective:

To examine the association between serum vitamin B12 levels and the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Approach:

Key Findings:

• Each 100 μmol/L increase in vitamin B12 was significantly associated with a higher risk of DR (OR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.12–1.99, p = 0.0067).
• Participants in the highest tertile of vitamin B12 (≥398 μmol/L) exhibited a substantially elevated risk of DR compared to those in the lowest tertile (OR = 11.83, 95% CI: 1.79–78.19, p = 0.0103).
• GAM indicated a linear positive association between serum vitamin B12 levels and DR prevalence.

Interpretation:

Higher serum vitamin B12 levels were associated with greater DR prevalence in adults with T2DM; however, temporal ordering and causality cannot be established.

Limitations:

• The study design is cross-sectional, limiting causal inference.
• Potential confounding factors may not have been fully accounted for.
• Findings may not be generalizable beyond the studied population.

Conclusion:

The study provides preliminary evidence for the association between serum vitamin B12 levels and diabetic retinopathy in T2DM patients.

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This content is an AI-generated, fully rewritten summary based on a published scholarly article. It does not reproduce the original text and is not a substitute for the original publication. Readers are encouraged to consult the source for full context, data, and methodology.