To develop and assess a smartphone-based application for staging pressure injuries in ICU patients.
Key Findings:
A total of 52 patients with 269 pressure injuries were included.
The weighted kappa value between two WOCNs was 0.872 (95% CI: 0.698–0.944, p < 0.001), indicating high agreement.
The inter-rater agreement coefficient for the iOS application was 0.769 (95% CI: 0.632–0.906, p < 0.001) and for the Android version was 0.821 (95% CI: 0.698–0.944, p < 0.001).
Classification consistency for each stage ranged from 76.9% to 84.6%.
Inter-rater agreement for wound measurements was good, ranging from 0.843 to 0.914 (p < 0.001).
Interpretation:
Limitations:
The study was conducted in a specific ICU setting, which may limit generalizability.
Further validation in diverse clinical environments is needed.
Conclusion:
The application was easy to use and accepted by nursing staff, providing preliminary evidence for its use as a tool for pressure injury staging.
