Objective:

To systematically explore and map the literature investigating the effects of pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) stimulation on mitochondrial function within neurons and the nervous system.

Approach:

Key Findings:

• PRF preserves mitochondrial ultrastructure compared to continuous radiofrequency (CRF), which induces severe mitochondrial pathology, including swelling, cristolysis, and necrosis.
• PRF decreases mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) while increasing cytosolic ATP, effectively reversing the bioenergetic profile associated with central sensitization.
• PRF treatment is associated with mitochondrial hyperplasia, which may indicate compensatory biogenesis for structural repair.
• PRF exerts effects through multiple mitochondrial mechanisms, including an acute analgesic phase mediated by depolarizing the mitochondrial membrane and reducing excitotoxic calcium influx, and a sub-acute neuroregenerative phase bioenergetically supported by the neuro-glial metabolic unit.

Interpretation:

Further exploration into the specific mechanisms by which neuromodulation impacts mitochondrial health and function in neuropathies is warranted.

Limitations:

• The review did not prospectively register a protocol.
• Exclusion of review articles, case studies, and clinical trial registries may limit the comprehensiveness of the findings.

Conclusion:

Understanding the direct effects of PRF on mitochondrial function is critical to elucidating the biological basis of PRF therapy.

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This content is an AI-generated, fully rewritten summary based on a published scholarly article. It does not reproduce the original text and is not a substitute for the original publication. Readers are encouraged to consult the source for full context, data, and methodology.