Objective:

To summarize current knowledge on MSCs and MSC-Exos in pediatric ARDS, including challenges and evolving nursing roles.

Approach:

• Review of Literature: The article reviews existing studies on MSCs and MSC-Exos, focusing on their therapeutic mechanisms, clinical advances, and implications for nursing practice.

Key Findings:

• MSCs and MSC-Exos have anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and tissue-repair functions beneficial for pediatric ARDS.
• Therapeutic mechanisms include suppression of the cytokine storm, polarization of macrophages, and promotion of alveolar repair.
• MSC-Exos have advantages over whole MSCs, such as lower immunogenicity and enhanced stability.

Interpretation:

The application of MSC and MSC-Exos therapies in pediatric ARDS management requires advanced competencies and interprofessional collaboration among nursing staff.

Limitations:

• Complexities in optimizing cell sourcing and exosome isolation protocols.
• Regulatory hurdles for biologic products.

Conclusion:

The integration of MSC and MSC-Exos therapies into clinical practice is essential for advancing treatment options in pediatric ARDS.